{"id":7188,"date":"2024-02-02T10:19:00","date_gmt":"2024-02-02T10:19:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mokslosriuba.lt\/kartumesgalime\/?p=7188"},"modified":"2024-02-19T11:23:42","modified_gmt":"2024-02-19T11:23:42","slug":"klimato-kaitos-kompleksiskumas-ir-jo-reiksme-kiekvienam-is-musu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mokslosriuba.lt\/kartumesgalime\/2024\/02\/02\/klimato-kaitos-kompleksiskumas-ir-jo-reiksme-kiekvienam-is-musu\/","title":{"rendered":"Klimato kaitos kompleksi\u0161kumas ir jo reik\u0161m\u0117\u00a0kiekvienam i\u0161 m\u016bs\u0173"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\"><em>\u201eMokslo sriubos\u201c savanoris Karolis Grit\u0117nas<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0160iuo metu kyla svarstym\u0173 paskelbti Antropocen\u0105, nauj\u0105 er\u0105, kuri pasi\u017eymi \u017emogaus \u012ftaka ir jos nulemtais poky\u010diais visai \u017demei: nuo atmosferos iki litosferos. Klimato kaita yra vienas i\u0161 proces\u0173, kur\u012f \u017emonija paspartino iki bepreceden\u010dio lygio [1]. Turb\u016bt daugelis yra gird\u0117j\u0119 apie \u0161iltnamio efekt\u0105, pagrindin\u012f klimato kaitos veiksn\u012f, kai \u017emogaus akiai nematomos \u0161iltnamio dujos atspindi \u0161ilum\u0105, tur\u0117jusi\u0105 i\u0161keliauti \u012f kosmin\u0119 erdv\u0119 (Paveikslas 1). I\u0161 tikr\u0173j\u0173, \u0161iltnamio efektas yra b\u016btinas \u017demei, nes be jo temperat\u016bra \u017dem\u0117je nukrist\u0173 iki daugeliui gyv\u0173 organizm\u0173 nepakeliamo lygio. Vis d\u0117lto \u017emogaus veikla, daugiausia i\u0161kastinio kuro deginimas, padidino \u0161iltnamio duj\u0173 koncentracijas (Paveikslas 2) tiek, kad \u0161iuo metu i\u0161gyvename grei\u010diausi\u0105 temperat\u016bros padid\u0117jim\u0105 per mokslinink\u0173 atsekt\u0105 laikotarp\u012f [2].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/mokslosriuba.lt\/kartumesgalime\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Siltnamio-efektas.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7189\" width=\"559\" height=\"419\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Paveikslas 1. \u0160iltnamio efekto iliustracija. \u0160iltnamio dujos atspindi \u0161ilum\u0105 ir jai neleid\u017eia<br>i\u0161keliauti \u012f kosmos\u0105. Autoryst\u0117: https:\/\/www.lbq.org\/<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/mokslosriuba.lt\/kartumesgalime\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Siltnamio-dujos-Mokslo-sriuba-1024x509.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7190\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Paveikslas 2. Metano ir anglies dvideginio koncentracij\u0173 kilimas per pastaruosius 70 met\u0173. \u0160altinis: <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/climate-indicators\/climate-change-indicators-atmospheric-concentrations-greenhouse-gases\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/climate-indicators\/climate-change-indicators-atmospheric-concentrations-greenhouse-gases<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Per pastaruosius metus IPCC (angl. <em>Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change<\/em>) skyr\u0117 daugyb\u0119 d\u0117mesio pagr\u012fsti fakt\u0105, kad \u017emoni\u0173 veikla, o ne kiti gamtiniai procesai, yra pagrindin\u0117 klimato pasikeitim\u0173 prie\u017eastis [18]. Pirma, buvo kuriami modeliai, priskiriantys \u0161ilumos dal\u012f, kuri\u0105 gal\u0117jo sugeneruoti atskiri veiksniai. Modeliai \u012fskai\u010diuojantys tik gamtinius faktorius visi\u0161kai neatitiko reali\u0173 mokslinink\u0173 surinkt\u0173 duomen\u0173, o tik \u012fskai\u010diavus \u017emogaus veikl\u0105 kreiv\u0117 \u012fgavo itin pana\u0161i\u0105 form\u0105 \u012f realius duomenis (Paveikslas 3). Gamtiniai procesai u\u017etrunka itin ilg\u0105 laik\u0105 ir staigus temperat\u016bros kilimas per pastar\u0105j\u012f \u0161imtmet\u012f neatitinka \u0161ios laiko skal\u0117s. Antra, buvo apskai\u010diuojamas kiekvieno veiksnio keliamas spinduliuot\u0117s poveikis (angl. <em>radiative forcing<\/em>) ir \u017emogaus veikla visais atvejais sulaikydavo did\u017eiausi\u0105 dal\u012f energijos vatais [3]. 2021 met\u0173 prane\u0161ime, IPCC paskelb\u0117, kad n\u0117ra abejojama faktu, kad klimato kaita yra \u017emoni\u0173 sukeltas procesas [3].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/mokslosriuba.lt\/kartumesgalime\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Temperatura-Mokslo-sriuba.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7191\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Paveikslas 3. Grafikai rodantys temperat\u016bros kilimo simuliacijas bei realiai u\u017efiksuot\u0105 kitim\u0105. Galima pasteb\u0117ti, kad vien nat\u016bral\u016bs \u017dem\u0117s procesai \u017dem\u0117s pavir\u0161iaus temperat\u016bros kilimo dabartiniu mastu negali paai\u0161kinti. \u0160altinis: IPCC AR6.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>Skirtingi \u0161iltnamio duj\u0173 \u0161altiniai<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kasmet yra i\u0161metama vir\u0161 37 milijard\u0173 ton\u0173 CO<sub>2<\/sub> duj\u0173 [4]. Pagrindinis \u0161iltnamio duj\u0173 \u0161altinis yra i\u0161kastinio kuro deginimas (Paveikslas 4) [9]. Da\u017eniausiai i\u0161gird\u0119 \u201ei\u0161kastinis kuras\u201c \u017emon\u0117s pam\u0105sto tik apie benzinu ar dyzeliu varomas ma\u0161inas, bet i\u0161 tikr\u0173j\u0173 beveik visk\u0105 dabartiniuose m\u016bs\u0173 gyvenimuose galima susieti su i\u0161kastiniu kuru [19]. Pavyzd\u017eiui, parduotuv\u0117je nusipirkto produkto plastikin\u0117 pakuot\u0117 yra gaminama i\u0161 naftos produkt\u0173, kompiuterio naudojama energija, priklausomai nuo gyvenamosios vietos, gali b\u016bti i\u0161gaunama deginant gamtines dujas ar angl\u012f.&nbsp;Kita opi problema, kuri prisideda prie didesnio CO<sub>2<\/sub> kiekio atmosferoje yra mi\u0161k\u0173 kirtimas. Per pastaruosius 40 met\u0173 Amazon\u0117 susitrauk\u0117 18 procent\u0173, o Indonezijoje per 20 met\u0173 mi\u0161k\u0173 suma\u017e\u0117jo 18 procent\u0173 [5, 6]. Da\u017eniausios mi\u0161k\u0173 kirtimo prie\u017eastys \u2013 plot\u0173 sudarymas gyvuli\u0173 ganymui ar augal\u0173 plantacijoms. Daugeliui turb\u016bt \u017einoma palmi\u0173 aliejaus situacija, kai i\u0161deginus ar i\u0161kirtus mi\u0161ko plot\u0105 jis yra u\u017esodinamas palmi\u0173 plantacija po kurios dirvo\u017eemis pasikei\u010dia tiek, kad jame beveik niekas negali augti [7]. Prie\u0161 kelis metus mokslininkai paskai\u010diavo, kad Amazon\u0117s mi\u0161k\u0173 plotai, laikomi \u017dem\u0117s plau\u010diais, tapo anglies \u0161altiniu d\u0117l vykstan\u010di\u0173 kirtim\u0173 [8].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/mokslosriuba.lt\/kartumesgalime\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Siltnamio-duju-pasiskirstymas-pagal-sektorius-Mokslo-sriuba.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7192\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Paveikslas 4. \u017dmoni\u0173 i\u0161metam\u0173 \u0161iltnamio duj\u0173 pasiskirstymas pagal sektorius 2013 met\u0173 duomenimis. \u0160altinis: <a href=\"https:\/\/mrgeogwagg.wordpress.com\/2015\/06\/24\/greenhouse-effect-and-anthropogenic-warming\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/mrgeogwagg.wordpress.com\/2015\/06\/24\/greenhouse-effect-and-anthropogenic-warming\/<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0160iuk\u0161l\u0117s bei gyvuliai i\u0161meta kito tipo \u0161iltnamio dujas \u2013 metan\u0105. Metanas 12 kart\u0173 efektyviau sulaiko \u0161ilum\u0105 nei CO<sub>2<\/sub>. Kasmet yra i\u0161metama 2.01 milijard\u0173 ton\u0173 \u0161iuk\u0161li\u0173 [10]. S\u0105lygose, kur deguonis yra ribotas, nat\u016bralus \u0161iuk\u0161li\u0173 skaidymas i\u0161skiria metano dujas. Buvo paskai\u010diuota, kad 20% metano duj\u0173 susidaro b\u016btent s\u0105vartynuose [11]. Kitas metano \u0161altinis yra atrajojantys gyv\u016bnai, kaip pavyzd\u017eiui, jau\u010diai, avys. Per pastaruosius 20 met\u0173 m\u0117sos suvartojimas i\u0161augo eksponenti\u0161kai ir atitinkamai laikom\u0173 gyvuli\u0173 kiekis pasiek\u0117 auk\u0161tumas [12]. Viena karv\u0117 i\u0161skiria 10 kg metano per metus, bet padauginus i\u0161 1,5 milijard\u0173 laikom\u0173 galvij\u0173, tai tampa itin dideliu \u0161iltnamio duj\u0173 \u0161altiniu [12, 13].&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>Gamtiniai \u0161altiniai<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Daugeliui mokslinink\u0173 nerimo kelia \u017dem\u0117s sistemos poky\u010diai vykstantys d\u0117l pakilusios temperat\u016bros. Dabar yra \u017einoma keletas \u0161ilimo cikl\u0105 prat\u0119sian\u010di\u0173 gamtini\u0173 proces\u0173. Pavyzd\u017eiui, kylanti temperat\u016bra atitirpina taigoje u\u017e\u0161alusius metano klodus, kuriems patekus \u012f atmosfer\u0105 \u0161iltnamio efektas dar sustipr\u0117t\u0173. Kitas svarbus ciklas yra vandenyn\u0173 sugeriamas CO<sub>2 <\/sub>(30 % vis\u0173 i\u0161metam\u0173 CO<sub>2<\/sub> duj\u0173) bei \u0161iluma (90% d\u0117l emisij\u0173 i\u0161skiriamos \u0161ilumos) [14]. \u0160ylantis vanduo sulaiko ma\u017eiau CO<sub>2<\/sub>, kas rei\u0161kia, jog ma\u017e\u0117ja vandenyn\u0173 CO<sub>2<\/sub> sug\u0117rimo galimyb\u0117s, taigi jo daugiau lieka atmosferoje. \u0160ie pavyzd\u017eiai rodo, kaip prasideda kaskadiniai poky\u010diai ir \u0161iltnamio ciklas \u012fsib\u0117g\u0117ja vis labiau \u0161ylant klimatui ir vis ma\u017e\u0117jant CO<sub>2<\/sub> \u0161alinimui i\u0161 atmosferos. Dar daugelis cikl\u0173 n\u0117ra visi\u0161kai i\u0161ai\u0161kinti, taigi neturime pilnos s\u0105ry\u0161i\u0173 sistemos [15]. Tai rei\u0161kia, kad m\u016bs\u0173 dabartiniai modeliai gali netiksliai atitikti galimus poky\u010dius, padarinius.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0160ylantis klimatas tur\u0117s ir jau turi daug \u012ftakos ir \u017emoni\u0173 gyvenimams. Labiausiai matomos yra pada\u017en\u0117jusios gamtin\u0117s nelaim\u0117s, kaip uraganai, kar\u0161\u010dio bangos, sausros ir potvyniai. Jos ypa\u010d daug nuostoli\u0173 daro maisto sektoriui, nes nuo gamtini\u0173 s\u0105lyg\u0173 priklauso derliaus kiekiai. Buvo pasteb\u0117ta, kad kylant temperat\u016brai vabzd\u017eiai tampa aktyvesni, kas lemia didesn\u0119 derliaus dal\u012f sunaikinam\u0105 vabzd\u017ei\u0173 [16]. Maisto neu\u017etikrintumas, gamtini\u0173 nelaimi\u0173 niokojamoji j\u0117ga kelia nerim\u0105 ir baim\u0119 daugeliui nepasiturin\u010di\u0173 \u0161ali\u0173 pilie\u010diams, kas galiausiai lemia suirutes, pilietin\u012f kar\u0105 bei pab\u0117g\u0117li\u0173 srautus, kaip pavyzd\u017eiui, Sirijos atveju [17].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>K\u0105 galima padaryti?<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Apie \u0161iltnamio efekt\u0105 jau \u017einome ilg\u0105 laik\u0105, bet klimatas yra itin sud\u0117tinga sistema. Kaip galima suprasti i\u0161 jau pamin\u0117t\u0173 fakt\u0173, tai viena kompleksi\u0161kiausi\u0173 problem\u0173, kuri yra i\u0161tikusi \u017emonij\u0105 ir apie kuri\u0105 vis su\u017einome nauj\u0173 dalyk\u0173. Tam, kad suvaldytume kelis \u0161imtme\u010dius besit\u0119sian\u010di\u0105 situacij\u0105, reik\u0117s daugyb\u0117s viening\u0173 sprendim\u0173 tarp pasaulio \u0161ali\u0173, kurie stabdyt\u0173 intensyv\u0173 i\u0161kastinio kuro naudojim\u0105. Bet kol laukiame \u0161i\u0173 sprendim\u0173, galime kiekvienas prisid\u0117ti prie situacijos lengvinimo. V\u0117lgi did\u017eiausi\u0105 anglies p\u0117dsak\u0105 (angl. <em>carbon footprint<\/em>) paliekame valgydami ir keliaudami. Suma\u017eindami m\u0117sos patiekal\u0173 kiek\u012f per savait\u0119, pasirinkdami ekologi\u0161kesn\u012f transport\u0105 (pvz. vie\u0161\u0105j\u012f transport\u0105) ar vengdami da\u017eno skraidymo l\u0117ktuvu, jau pakankamai \u017eymiai suma\u017eintume savo paliekam\u0105 p\u0117dsak\u0105. Taikydami \u017eiedin\u0117s ekonomikos principus, suma\u017eindami perkam\u0173 daikt\u0173 kiek\u012f, pataisydami\/panaudodami daiktus i\u0161 naujo, nesant kitoms galimyb\u0117ms, r\u016b\u0161iuodami, taip pat galime palengvinti na\u0161t\u0105 m\u016bs\u0173 planetai. Svarbiausia nepamir\u0161ti, kad m\u016bs\u0173 balsas gali nuveikti daug gero. Pokalbis su draugu, lai\u0161kas J\u016bs\u0173 naudojamam bankui d\u0117l nutraukimo investicij\u0173 \u012f i\u0161kastinio kuro kompanijas ar lai\u0161kas aplinkos ministrui d\u0117l i\u0161metamo anglies dvideginio apmokestinimo (angl. <em>carbon tax<\/em>) galimai privers \u0161iuos \u017emones susim\u0105styti, kelti klausimus j\u0173 aplinkoje ir netgi imtis veiksm\u0173.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Taigi nors klimato kaita yra itin sud\u0117tinga tema, apimanti beveik kiekvien\u0105 m\u016bs\u0173 gyvenim\u0173 dal\u012f, mes privalome r\u016bpintis savo planeta. Dom\u0117damiesi, keldami klausimus, \u0161nek\u0117damiesi su aplinkiniais galime prad\u0117ti grandinin\u0119 reakcij\u0105. Kai klimato kaita taps vis\u0173 visuomen\u0117s grupi\u0173 gvildenama tema, pagaliau bus galima tik\u0117tis priimt\u0173 reikiam\u0173 politini\u0173 sprendim\u0173, kurie u\u017etikrint\u0173 tvari\u0105, saugi\u0105 ir \u0161vari\u0105 aplink\u0105 \u017emon\u0117ms ateinantiems po m\u016bs\u0173.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0160altiniai:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M., Averyt, K., &#8230; &amp; Miller, H. (2007). IPCC fourth assessment report (AR4). <em>Climate change<\/em>, <em>374<\/em>.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>US Environmental Protection Agency (2022). Climate Change Indicators: Atmospheric Concentrations of Greenhouse Gases. Nuoroda pasinaudota 2023 m. kovo 22 d.: <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/outdoor-air-quality-data\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/outdoor-air-quality-data<\/a> .&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>IPCC, 2022: Summary for Policymakers [H.-O. P\u00f6rtner, D.C. Roberts, E.S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, M. Tignor, A. Alegr\u00eda, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. L\u00f6schke, V. M\u00f6ller, A. Okem (eds.)]. In:<em> Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. <\/em>Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, pp. 3-33, doi:10.1017\/9781009325844.001.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Roser, M. H. R.&amp; Rosado P. (2020). CO\u2082 and Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Nuoroda pasinaudota 2023 m. Kovo 22: <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/co2-and-greenhouse-gas-emissions\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/co2-and-greenhouse-gas-emissions<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Greenpeace USA<em> <\/em>(2021). Brazil and the Amazon Forest<em>. <\/em>Nuoroda pasinaudota 2023 m. kovo 22 d.:&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/usa\/issues\/brazil-and-the-amazon-forest\/\">https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/usa\/issues\/brazil-and-the-<\/a><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/usa\/issues\/brazil-and-the-amazon-forest\/\" target=\"_blank\">amazon<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/usa\/issues\/brazil-and-the-amazon-forest\/\">-forest\/<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Global forest watch (n.d.). Indonesia Deforestation Rates &amp; Statistics<em>. <\/em>2023 m. kovo 22 d.:&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalforestwatch.org\/dashboards\/country\/IDN\/\">https:\/\/www.globalforestwatch.org\/dashboards\/country\/IDN\/<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>European Palm Oil Alliance (2022). Palm Oil &amp; Deforestation<em>. <\/em>Nuoroda pasinaudota 2023 m. Kovo 22: <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/palmoilalliance.eu\/palm-oil-deforestation\/\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/palmoilalliance.eu\/palm-oil-deforestation\/<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Carrington, D. (2021). Amazon rainforest now emitting more CO2 than it absorbs. <em>The Guardian<\/em>.&nbsp; <em>. <\/em>Nuoroda pasinaudota 2023 m. kovo 22 d.: <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2021\/jul\/14\/amazon-rainforest-now-emitting-more-co2-than-it-absorbs\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2021\/jul\/14\/amazon-rainforest-now-emitting-more-co2-than-it-absorbs<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>MrGeogWagg Geography (2015). Greenhouse Effect and Anthropogenic Warming. Nuoroda pasinaudota 2023 m. kovo 22 d.:&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/mrgeogwagg.wordpress.com\/2015\/06\/24\/greenhouse-effect-and-anthropogenic-warming\/\">https:\/\/mrgeogwagg<\/a><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/mrgeogwagg.wordpress.com\/2015\/06\/24\/greenhouse-effect-and-anthropogenic-warming\/\" target=\"_blank\">.<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/mrgeogwagg.wordpress.com\/2015\/06\/24\/greenhouse-effect-and-anthropogenic-warming\/\">wordpress.com\/2015\/06\/24\/greenhouse-effect-and-anthropogenic-warming\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kaza, S., Yao, L., Bhada-Tata, P., &amp; Van Woerden, F. (2018). <em>What a waste 2.0: a global snapshot of solid waste management to 2050<\/em>. World Bank Publications.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kuylenstierna, J. C., Michalopoulou, E., &amp; Malley, C. (2021). Global Methane Assessment: Benefits and costs of mitigating methane emissions. Nuoroda pasinaudota 2023 m. kovo 22 d.: &nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unep.org\/resources\/report\/global-methane-assessment-benefits-and-costs-mitigating-methane-emissions\">https:\/\/www.unep.org\/resources\/report\/global-<\/a><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.unep.org\/resources\/report\/global-methane-assessment-benefits-and-costs-mitigating-methane-emissions\" target=\"_blank\">methane<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unep.org\/resources\/report\/global-methane-assessment-benefits-and-costs-mitigating-methane-emissions\">-assessment-benefits-and-costs-mitigating-methane-emissions<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ritchie, H. Roser, M. H. R.&amp; Rosado P. (2017).&nbsp; Meat and Dairy Production. Nuoroda pasinaudota 2023 m. kovo 22 d.: <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/meat-production\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/meat-production<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Quinton, A. (2019). 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Nuoroda pasinaudota 2023 m. kovo 22 d.:&nbsp; <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/climate.nasa.gov\/causes\/\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/climate.nasa.gov\/causes\/<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201eMokslo sriubos\u201c savanoris Karolis Grit\u0117nas \u0160iuo metu kyla svarstym\u0173 paskelbti Antropocen\u0105, nauj\u0105 er\u0105, kuri pasi\u017eymi \u017emogaus \u012ftaka ir jos nulemtais poky\u010diais visai \u017demei: nuo atmosferos iki litosferos. Klimato kaita yra [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7597,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[94,101,103,104],"class_list":["post-7188","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-rasiniai","tag-karolis-gritenas","tag-klimatas","tag-klimato-kaita","tag-klimato-krize","pb-post","pb-item","pb-col-xl-4 pb-col-m-6 pb-col-s-12","pb-animate pb-animated "],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/mokslosriuba.lt\/kartumesgalime\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/NASA-Mokslo-sriuba-1.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mokslosriuba.lt\/kartumesgalime\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7188","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mokslosriuba.lt\/kartumesgalime\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mokslosriuba.lt\/kartumesgalime\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mokslosriuba.lt\/kartumesgalime\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mokslosriuba.lt\/kartumesgalime\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7188"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mokslosriuba.lt\/kartumesgalime\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7188\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7598,"href":"https:\/\/mokslosriuba.lt\/kartumesgalime\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7188\/revisions\/7598"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mokslosriuba.lt\/kartumesgalime\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7597"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mokslosriuba.lt\/kartumesgalime\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7188"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mokslosriuba.lt\/kartumesgalime\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7188"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mokslosriuba.lt\/kartumesgalime\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7188"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}