{"id":6588,"date":"2022-05-06T04:56:04","date_gmt":"2022-05-06T01:56:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mokslosriuba.lt\/kartumesgalime\/?p=6588"},"modified":"2023-05-17T06:08:56","modified_gmt":"2023-05-17T06:08:56","slug":"vienas-keisciausiu-objektu-visatoje-neutronine-zvaigzde","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mokslosriuba.lt\/kartumesgalime\/2022\/05\/06\/vienas-keisciausiu-objektu-visatoje-neutronine-zvaigzde\/","title":{"rendered":"Vienas keis\u010diausi\u0173 objekt\u0173 Visatoje: neutronin\u0117 \u017evaig\u017ed\u0117"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">Elz\u0117 Grinevi\u010di\u016bt\u0117<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u017dvaig\u017ed\u0117s, kaip ir kiekvienas objektas visoje Visatoje, gimsta ir mir\u0161ta. Kaip \u017evaig\u017ed\u0117 baigia savo gyvenim\u0105, galiausiai lemia tik jos mas\u0117. Pa\u010dios \u017evaig\u017ed\u0117s egzistuoja tik d\u0117l labai trapios pusiausvyros, esan\u010dios tarp kar\u0161\u010dio jos branduolyje ir gravitacijos. Kol \u017evaig\u017ed\u0117s branduolyje vykstan\u010di\u0173 termobranduolini\u0173 reakcij\u0173 metu i\u0161skiriama j\u0117ga yra lygi gravitacijos j\u0117gai, ji, kol kas, neturi d\u0117l ko jaudintis.<sup>&nbsp;<\/sup>Deja, per milijonus ar net milijardus met\u0173, branduolyje nebelieka pakankamai element\u0173, kad \u0161ios reakcijos toliau vykt\u0173, ir \u017evaig\u017ed\u0117 pradeda eiti savo gyvenimo galo link.&nbsp;<sup>[1;2]&nbsp;<\/sup>\u0160iame etape \u017evaig\u017ed\u0117s baigt\u012f nulemia jos mas\u0117. Ma\u017eos \u017evaig\u017ed\u0117s taps baltosiomis nyk\u0161tuk\u0117mis, vidutin\u0117s po sav\u0119s paliks planeti\u0161k\u0105j\u012f \u016bk\u0105 ir taip pat taps baltosiomis nyk\u0161tuk\u0117mis.&nbsp;<sup>[9]&nbsp;<\/sup>Ta\u010diau kas gi atsitiks mil\u017ein\u0117ms?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mil\u017eini\u0173 laukia \u012fsp\u016bdinga baigtis. Pirmiausia j\u0173 i\u0161oriniai sluoksniai i\u0161siple\u010dia, ir jos tampa raudonosiomis supermil\u017ein\u0117mis. V\u0117liau \u017evaig\u017ed\u0117s branduolys smarkiai susitraukia, tampa labai tankiu. Branduolyje helis virsta \u012f angl\u012f, anglis \u012f silic\u012f ir galiausiai \u012f gele\u017e\u012f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"http:\/\/mokslosriuba.lt\/kartumesgalime\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Elementu\u0328-degimo-stadijos.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/mokslosriuba.lt\/kartumesgalime\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Elementu\u0328-degimo-stadijos.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6589\" width=\"777\" height=\"430\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Element\u0173 degimo stadijos<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010cia reakcijos nutr\u016bksta, kadangi gele\u017eis nebei\u0161skiria energijos, o j\u0105 naudoja. Galiausiai gravitacija, kov\u0105 tarp sav\u0119s ir reakcij\u0173 i\u0161skiriamos energijos, laimi, ir pusiausvyra palinksta gravitacijos pus\u0117n.<sup>[1;5]&nbsp;<\/sup>Visa \u017evaig\u017ed\u0117s mas\u0117 yra gravitacijos stumiama \u012f branduol\u012f, kuriame ji, kartu su gele\u017einiu branduoliu, kolapsuojasi ir sprogsta. Tai mes vadiname supernova. Supernovos liekana yra tarp\u017evaig\u017edinis \u016bkas, kurio centre gali susidaryti dvi liekanos, kurias ir v\u0117l lemia mas\u0117. Sunkesn\u0117s \u017evaig\u017ed\u0117s liekana bus juodosiomis skyl\u0117mis, o lengvesn\u0117s \u2013 neutronin\u0117 \u017evaig\u017ed\u0117.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0160i\u0173 \u017evaig\u017ed\u017ei\u0173 sandara bei savyb\u0117s yra vienos keis\u010diausi\u0173 visoje Visatoje: j\u0173 pavir\u0161iaus temperat\u016bra gali siekti iki 100 milijard\u0173 Kelvin\u0173, kol m\u016bs\u0173 Saul\u0117s siekia vos 6000; j\u0173 gravitacija yra apie 2 milijardus kart\u0173 stipresn\u0117 nei \u017dem\u0117s; jos geba suktis aplink savo a\u0161\u012f net kelis kartus per sekund\u0119; o j\u0173 skersmuo gali b\u016bti tik apie 20 kilometr\u0173, nors j\u0173 mas\u0117 gali siekti net 1,5 saul\u0117s masi\u0173. \u0160ios \u017evaig\u017ed\u0117s tokios tankios, jog vienas arbatinis \u0161auk\u0161telis \u0161ios materijos svert\u0173 net apie 100 milijon\u0173 ton\u0173.&nbsp;<sup>[4]&nbsp;<\/sup>Nepaisant to, i\u0161orinis neutronin\u0117s \u017evaig\u017ed\u0117s sluoksnis yra galimai 10 milijard\u0173 kart\u0173 stipresnis nei pati stipriausia med\u017eiaga \u010dia, \u017dem\u0117je.&nbsp;<sup>[8]&nbsp;<\/sup>\u0160ie i\u0161orini\u0173 sluoksni\u0173 neutronai susijungia \u012f branduolius ir sudaro beveik kiet\u0105 plut\u0105. Mantijos apa\u010dioje yra aptinkamos keistos bei sud\u0117tingos branduolin\u0117s strukt\u016bros. Da\u017eniausiai \u012fsivaizduojame, jog branduoliai yra apval\u016bs, ta\u010diau tai negalioja neutronini\u0173 \u017evaig\u017ed\u017ei\u0173 vidui.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u017dvaig\u017ed\u0117s viduje branduoliai deformuojasi bei sudaro keist\u0173 form\u0173 sankaupas, astronom\u0173 vadinamas \u201ebranduoliniais makaronais\u201c. \u0160i\u0173 \u201emakaron\u0173\u201c yra dar ir skirting\u0173 r\u016b\u0161i\u0173: spage\u010di\u0173, lazanijos ir pan. Kas yra dar giliau, po \u0161iais \u201emakaronais\u201c, n\u0117ra \u017einoma. Sp\u0117jama, jog tai gal\u0117t\u0173 b\u016bti vadinamasis superskystis \u2013 skystis, kuriame n\u0117ra trinties.&nbsp;<sup>[7;11;12]<\/sup><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"http:\/\/mokslosriuba.lt\/kartumesgalime\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Branduoliniu\u0328-makaronu\u0328-ru\u0304s\u030ciu\u0328-pavyzdz\u030ciai-2.jpeg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/mokslosriuba.lt\/kartumesgalime\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Branduoliniu\u0328-makaronu\u0328-ru\u0304s\u030ciu\u0328-pavyzdz\u030ciai-2.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6592\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Branduoliniu\u0328 makaronu\u0328 ru\u0304s\u030ciu\u0328 pavyzdz\u030ciai<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Vis d\u0117lto, \u017evaig\u017edei mir\u0161tant ir tampant neutronine \u017evaig\u017ede, tai neb\u016btinai bus jos pabaiga. Dvi neutronin\u0117s \u017evaig\u017ed\u0117s gali susidurti ir sprogti kilonova \u2013 t.y. sprogimas dar stipresnis nei supernovos \u2013 ir mirti dar kart\u0105. Po tokio sprogimo lieka tik juodoji skyl\u0117.&nbsp;<sup>[3]&nbsp;<\/sup>Susid\u016brus dviem neutronin\u0117ms \u017evaig\u017ed\u0117ms \u012f kosmoso erdves i\u0161metama dar daugiau med\u017eiag\u0173. Ir tik gan neseniai buvo atrasta, jog i\u0161 kilonov\u0173 sprogim\u0173 atsiranda dauguma dabartini\u0173, mums \u017einom\u0173 sunki\u0173j\u0173 element\u0173, toki\u0173 kaip auksas, platina, uranas ir daugyb\u0117 kit\u0173.&nbsp;<sup>[4;6]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"http:\/\/mokslosriuba.lt\/kartumesgalime\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Neutronine\u0307s-z\u030cvaigz\u030cde\u0307s-struktu\u0304ra-bei-sude\u0307tis.jpeg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/mokslosriuba.lt\/kartumesgalime\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Neutronine\u0307s-z\u030cvaigz\u030cde\u0307s-struktu\u0304ra-bei-sude\u0307tis.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6593\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Neutronine\u0307s z\u030cvaigz\u030cde\u0307s struktu\u0304ra bei sude\u0307tis<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Deja, mes \u017einome tik nedaug neutronini\u0173 \u017evaig\u017ed\u017ei\u0173<sup>[10]&nbsp;<\/sup>(tik apie<sup>&nbsp;<\/sup>3000 Pauk\u0161\u010di\u0173 Tako galaktikoje), o \u012fvykusi\u0173 kilonov\u0173 \u2013 dar ma\u017eiau, tad \u0161ios \u017evaig\u017ed\u0117s yra gan nedaug i\u0161tirtos ir savyje gali sl\u0117pti dar daug naujos, mums ne\u017einomos informacijos, kuri pad\u0117t\u0173 mus supant\u012f pasaul\u012f suprasti dar geriau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0160altiniai<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Stars,&nbsp;<em>Imagine the Universe<\/em>, 2014&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov\/science\/objects\/stars1.html\">https:\/\/imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov\/science\/objects\/stars1.html<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>University of Maryland, Introductory Astronomy: Main Sequence Stars,&nbsp;<em>Introductory Astronomy<\/em>, 2018&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.astro.umd.edu\/resources\/introastro\/main_seq.html\">https:\/\/www.astro.umd.edu\/resources\/introastro\/main_seq.html<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Elizabeth Howell, When Neutron Stars Collide: Scientists Spot Kilonova Explosion from Epic 2016 Crash.&nbsp;<em>Space.com<\/em>, 2019<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.space.com\/colliding-neutron-stars-caued-massive-kilonova-explosion.html\">https:\/\/www.space.com\/colliding-neutron-stars-caued-massive-kilonova-explosion.html<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nola Taylor Tillman, Neutron Stars: Definition &amp; Facts.&nbsp;<em>Space.com<\/em>, 2018<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.space.com\/22180-neutron-stars.html\">https:\/\/www.space.com\/22180-neutron-stars.html<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Swinburne University of Technology, Core-Collapse.&nbsp;<em>COSMOS \u2013 The SAO Encyclopedia of Astronomy<\/em><br><a href=\"https:\/\/astronomy.swin.edu.au\/cosmos\/c\/core-collapse\">https:\/\/astronomy.swin.edu.au\/cosmos\/c\/core-collapse<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Watson, D., Hansen, C.J., Selsing, J.&nbsp;et al.&nbsp;Identification of strontium in the merger of two neutron stars.&nbsp;Nature&nbsp;574,&nbsp;497\u2013500, 2019<br><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-019-1676-3\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-019-1676-3<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chamel, N., Haensel, P. Physics of Neutron Star Crusts.&nbsp;<em>Living Rev. Relativ.&nbsp;11<\/em>,&nbsp;10, 2008<br><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12942\/lrr-2008-10\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12942\/lrr-2008-10<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nancy Atkinson, Neutron Stars Have Crusts of Super-Steel,&nbsp;<em>Universetoday<\/em>, 2009<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.universetoday.com\/30526\/neutrons-stars-have-crusts-of-super-steel\/\">https:\/\/www.universetoday.com\/30526\/neutrons-stars-have-crusts-of-super-steel\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), White Dwarfs,&nbsp;<em>Imagine the Universe<\/em>, 2006<br><a href=\"https:\/\/imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov\/science\/objects\/dwarfs1.html\">https:\/\/imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov\/science\/objects\/dwarfs1.html<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Robert Naeye, Neutron Stars,&nbsp;<em>Mission News<\/em>, 2007<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/GLAST\/science\/neutron_stars.html\">https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/GLAST\/science\/neutron_stars.html<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M. E. Caplan, C. J. Horowitz, Astromaterial Science and Nuclear Pasta, 2017<br><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/RevModPhys.89.041002\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/RevModPhys.89.041002<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Helena Pais, The nuclear pasta phase,&nbsp;<em>NewCompStar<\/em><br><a href=\"https:\/\/compstar.uni-frankfurt.de\/outreach\/short-articles\/the-nuclear-pasta-phase\/\">https:\/\/compstar.uni-frankfurt.de\/outreach\/short-articles\/the-nuclear-pasta-phase\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Elz\u0117 Grinevi\u010di\u016bt\u0117 \u017dvaig\u017ed\u0117s, kaip ir kiekvienas objektas visoje Visatoje, gimsta ir mir\u0161ta. Kaip \u017evaig\u017ed\u0117 baigia savo gyvenim\u0105, galiausiai lemia tik jos mas\u0117. Pa\u010dios \u017evaig\u017ed\u0117s egzistuoja tik d\u0117l labai trapios pusiausvyros, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":7637,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[58,65,110],"class_list":["post-6588","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-rasiniai","tag-erdvelaikis","tag-fizika","tag-kosmosas","pb-post","pb-item","pb-col-xl-4 pb-col-m-6 pb-col-s-12","pb-animate pb-animated "],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/mokslosriuba.lt\/kartumesgalime\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Branduoliniu-makaronu-rusiu-pavyzdziai.jpeg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mokslosriuba.lt\/kartumesgalime\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6588","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mokslosriuba.lt\/kartumesgalime\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mokslosriuba.lt\/kartumesgalime\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mokslosriuba.lt\/kartumesgalime\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mokslosriuba.lt\/kartumesgalime\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6588"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mokslosriuba.lt\/kartumesgalime\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6588\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7638,"href":"https:\/\/mokslosriuba.lt\/kartumesgalime\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6588\/revisions\/7638"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mokslosriuba.lt\/kartumesgalime\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7637"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mokslosriuba.lt\/kartumesgalime\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6588"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mokslosriuba.lt\/kartumesgalime\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6588"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mokslosriuba.lt\/kartumesgalime\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6588"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}